{"id":4637,"date":"2026-03-23T18:28:05","date_gmt":"2026-03-23T18:28:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/deniztuncalp.com\/?p=4637"},"modified":"2026-03-24T10:04:01","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T10:04:01","slug":"turkiyeye-yeni-bir-formul-gerek-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/deniztuncalp.com\/?p=4637&lang=tr","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye Yeni Bir Form\u00fcl Gerek – 2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bir \u00f6nceki yaz\u0131da buraya kadarki analiz ile makro d\u00fczeyde verimlilik odakl\u0131 bir modele ge\u00e7ilmesi gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledim. Ama mikro d\u00fczeyde, yani firmalar\u0131n, esnaf\u0131n ve KOB\u0130\u2019lerin g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131nda bunun tersine i\u015fleyen bir d\u00fczen var. Devlet k\u0131sa vadeli te\u015fvikler, vergi ve SGK aflar\u0131, kredi destekleri ve hibelerle mevcut yap\u0131y\u0131 ayakta tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kriz ortam\u0131nda ise zaten yerinde kalan da yerinde kalam\u0131yor. Maliyetler art\u0131yor, marjlar daral\u0131yor, zemin kay\u0131yor. Ama bu bask\u0131 firmay\u0131 \u00fcretim d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcne, markala\u015fmaya, daha y\u00fcksek katma de\u011fere, m\u00fchendislik ve tasar\u0131ma y\u00f6neltmiyor. Fasoncu yine fasoncu, ta\u015feron yine ta\u015feron kal\u0131yor. En fazla i\u015f i\u015ften ge\u00e7ince M\u0131s\u0131r’a ta\u015f\u0131nmaya cesaret ediyor, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc zemin firmay\u0131 yukar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaya de\u011fil, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck verimlilik ko\u015fullar\u0131nda g\u00fcn\u00fc kurtarmaya y\u00f6nlendiriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu arg\u00fcman\u0131 somutla\u015ft\u0131ran en \u00f6nemli g\u00f6sterge toplam fakt\u00f6r verimlili\u011fi (TFV). BETAM ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na g\u00f6re TFV art\u0131\u015f\u0131 2003\u20132007 aras\u0131nda %3,1 ile zirveye ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f, ancak 2014 sonras\u0131nda fiilen durmu\u015ftur. Sekt\u00f6rel k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131m ise durumun ger\u00e7ek boyutunu g\u00f6steriyor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Her firma kendi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan rasyonel davran\u0131yor: te\u015fviki al, aftan yararlan, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck verimlilikle de olsa ayakta kal. Ama bu bireysel rasyonellik, toplamda irrasyonel bir sonu\u00e7 \u00fcretiyor. Bedel topluma, gelece\u011fe ve makro dengelere yans\u0131yor. G\u00fcney Kore\u2019de devlet chaebol\u2019lere kabaca \u015fu sinyali verdi: ya k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte b\u00fcy\u00fcrs\u00fcn ya da batars\u0131n. Batanlar ger\u00e7ekten batt\u0131. Bu da b\u00fct\u00fcn ekosistemi yukar\u0131 do\u011fru iten bir bask\u0131 yaratt\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise verilen sinyal \u00e7o\u011fu zaman bunun tersi: Batma, gerekirse kurtar\u0131r\u0131m, vergini, SGK borcunu affederim ama b\u00fcy\u00fcmesen de olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KOB\u0130 D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Eksik Halkas\u0131<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Verimlilik odakl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcme dedi\u011fimizde bunun mikro d\u00fczeyde somut bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 var. T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisinin omurgas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan y\u00fcz binlerce KOB\u0130\u2019nin hareketlenmesi, \u00f6l\u00e7ek b\u00fcy\u00fctmesi ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck katma de\u011ferli \u00fcretimden daha yukar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131. D\u00fcnyada bunu ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f birka\u00e7 farkl\u0131 model var ve her birinin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6n ko\u015fullar\u0131 farkl\u0131. Almanya\u2019da aile sahipli\u011fine dayanan, belirli bir ni\u015fte d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7 kazanm\u0131\u015f orta \u00f6l\u00e7ekli firmalar var. Bu yap\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir mesleki e\u011fitim sistemi ve ustal\u0131\u011fa verilen toplumsal de\u011fer duruyor. \u0130talya\u2019da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck firmalar\u0131n k\u00fcmelenerek birlikte rekabet etti\u011fi bir model \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Organize Sanayi B\u00f6lgeleri (OSB) buna fiziksel olarak benziyor, ama sosyal sermaye taraf\u0131 eksik kal\u0131yor. Firmalar yan yana duruyor, fakat birlikte i\u015f yapma, bilgi payla\u015fma ve ortak Ar-Ge k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc hemen her OSB’de zay\u0131f. Tayvan\u2019da ise devlet do\u011frudan firmalar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini dert etmek yerine g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc teknoloji altyap\u0131lar\u0131 kuruyor. Kamu ara\u015ft\u0131rma enstit\u00fcleri teknoloji geli\u015ftirip bunu KOB\u0130\u2019lere aktar\u0131yor. Bilim parklar\u0131 da bu ekosistemi ta\u015f\u0131yor. Bizde de teknoparklar var ama tekoloji \u00fcretimi ve transferi zay\u0131f. 2024’te Ar-Ge’nin GSYH pay\u0131 %1,46’ya y\u00fckseldi. Bu art\u0131\u015f olumlu, ama referans \u00fclkelerle aradaki fark h\u00e2l\u00e2 yap\u0131sal:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Yerel ko\u015fullardan olumlu beslenecek ve o ko\u015fullar\u0131 olumu y\u00f6nde etkileyecek b\u00f6yle bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de kurulmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir. Usta \u00e7\u0131rak gelene\u011fi, Ahilik k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ve zanaatk\u00e2rl\u0131k kimli\u011fi tarihsel olarak zaten var. G\u00fcncel olarak bu de\u011ferler kaybolmu\u015f olabilir, ama t\u00fcm\u00fcyle yok olmu\u015f de\u011filler. Gereken, siyasetin bu y\u00f6nde tutarl\u0131 bir karar almamas\u0131 ve ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararlardan k\u0131sa d\u00f6nemli kayg\u0131lar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden geri ad\u0131m atmas\u0131. Devlet bir eliyle teknopark kurarken \u00f6b\u00fcr eliyle konut kredileri ve in\u015faat rant\u0131 \u00fczerinden ba\u015fka bir y\u00f6n\u00fc besledi\u011finde d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm olmuyor. Ger\u00e7ek bir \u00fcretim d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc politikas\u0131 bu \u00e7eli\u015fkileri ortadan kald\u0131rmak zorunda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ger\u00e7ekten de, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ger\u00e7ekli\u011fine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, mesela Avrupa’ya g\u00f6re daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir esnaf ve giri\u015fimci damar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. \u0130nsanlar i\u015f kurmaktan \u00e7ekinmiyor. Ama bu giri\u015fimcilik \u00e7o\u011fu zaman b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve inovasyon odakl\u0131 de\u011fil, hayatta kalma odakl\u0131. Bakkal a\u00e7mak, lokanta a\u00e7mak, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck at\u00f6lye kurmak yayg\u0131n. Hane geliri \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in bir\u015feyler yapmak gerekirken, yap\u0131lan bu i\u015fte b\u00fcy\u00fcmek gerekmiyor veya b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin ko\u015fullar\u0131 mevcut de\u011fil. Bu nedenle b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc zay\u0131f, riski ise y\u00fcksek. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir hem\u015fehri ve akraba a\u011flar\u0131 da var. Bu a\u011flar, \u0130talya\u2019daki k\u00fcmelenme modelinin sosyal sermaye taraf\u0131na benzeyen bir potansiyel ta\u015f\u0131yor. Fakat bizde bu potansiyel daha \u00e7ok rant da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ve patronaj i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Bilgi, teknoloji ve pazar payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kullan\u0131lm\u0131yor. Oysa ayn\u0131 a\u011f yap\u0131s\u0131, farkl\u0131 te\u015fviklerle \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar \u00fcretebilir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye en uygun model muhtemelen Tayvan\u2019\u0131n altyap\u0131 kuran yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ile \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n k\u00fcmelenme mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fti\u011fi bir yol olur. OSB\u2019ler zaten fiziksel k\u00fcmelenmeyi belirli bir oranda sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f durumda. Eksik olan \u015fey bilgi payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, ortak Ar-Ge ve teknoloji transfer mekanizmalar\u0131. Devlet burada yerine mevcut k\u00fcmelenmelerin i\u00e7ine ger\u00e7ekten i\u015fleyen teknoloji transfer ofisleri, ortak test laboratuvarlar\u0131 ve ihracat istihbarat birimleri yerle\u015ftirebilir. En \u00f6nemlisi de af ve te\u015fvik d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131r\u0131p b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin \u00f6d\u00fcllendirildi\u011fi, yerinde sayman\u0131n ise maliyetli hale geldi\u011fi yeni bir te\u015fvik d\u00fczeni kurabilir. Tabi b\u00fct\u00fcn bu yap\u0131lar\u0131n devlet istiyor diye kurulup sembolik ve g\u00f6stermelik kalmas\u0131 riski de mevcut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonu\u00e7ta yine ayn\u0131 meseleye geliyoruz: k\u00fclt\u00fcrel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm. T\u00fcketimi kutsayan bir toplumdan \u00fcretimi, tasar\u0131m\u0131 ve ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferli g\u00f6ren bir topluma ge\u00e7i\u015ften s\u00f6z ediyorum. Almanya\u2019daki ustal\u0131k k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn, Japonya\u2019daki \u00fcretim gelene\u011finin ve Kore\u2019deki teknoloji odakl\u0131 kalk\u0131nma anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kurmak gerekiyor. \u0130lk yaz\u0131da etrafl\u0131ca bahsetti\u011fim k\u0131rdan kente g\u00f6\u00e7 s\u00fcreci ise bunun tam tersine i\u015fleyen bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7er\u00e7eve yaratt\u0131. K\u00f6yden gelen insan kentsel t\u00fcketim kal\u0131plar\u0131na h\u0131zla dahil oldu, ama \u00fcretim k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne ge\u00e7i\u015f i\u00e7in benzer bir plan kurulmad\u0131. Ev sahibi olmak, araba almak, marka t\u00fcketmek stat\u00fc g\u00f6stergesi haline geldi. Tasarlamak, \u00fcretmek ve yenilik geli\u015ftirmek ayn\u0131 toplumsal a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kazanamad\u0131. M\u00fcteahhit olmak bir\u00e7ok durumda m\u00fchendis olmaktan daha cazip ve daha prestijli g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Bu durum sadece k\u00fclt\u00fcrel tercih diye a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz. Ayn\u0131 zamanda te\u015fvik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ve devlet politikalar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal bir sonucu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neden Uzla\u015fam\u0131yoruz?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Peki b\u00f6yle bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm hedefi \u00fczerinde uzla\u015fmak i\u00e7in ne gerekir? \u00d6ncelikle sorunun tan\u0131m\u0131 \u00fczerinde asgari bir ortakl\u0131k gerekir. Herkesin ayn\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc savunmas\u0131 \u015fart de\u011fil. Ama ortada \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi gereken bir mesele oldu\u011fu kabul edilmeden hi\u00e7bir yere varamay\u0131z. Kore\u2019de 1997\u2019de IMF kap\u0131ya dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda toplum en az\u0131ndan \u015fu noktada birle\u015fmi\u015fti: Bir kriz var ve bir \u015fey yapmak gerekiyor. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm konusunda sert tart\u0131\u015fmalar ya\u015fand\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck sermaye reformlara direndi, sendikalar kitlesel i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karmalara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ama kriz ger\u00e7e\u011fi ink\u00e2r edilmedi. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise sorunun tan\u0131m\u0131 bile siyasal kimliklerle par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f durumda. Ekonominin k\u00f6t\u00fc gidip gitmedi\u011fi sorusuna bile farkl\u0131 cevaplar veriliyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sorunun tan\u0131m\u0131 ekonomiyle oldu\u011fu kadar siyasal aidiyetle de ilgili hale gelmi\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayr\u0131ca de\u011fi\u015fimin y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn toplum kesimleri taraf\u0131ndan nas\u0131l payla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 da a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde konu\u015fulmal\u0131. Bu, herkesin e\u015fit fedak\u00e2rl\u0131k yapmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmiyor ama kimin ne kaybedece\u011finin ve buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k ne alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a konu\u015fulmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor. \u0130rlanda\u2019n\u0131n 1987 tarihli Ulusal Toparlanma Pakt\u0131 bu bak\u0131mdan \u00f6\u011fretici. \u0130\u015fverenler, sendikalar ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet masaya oturdu. Sendikalar \u00fccret art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamay\u0131 ve grevlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmay\u0131 kabul etti. \u0130\u015fverenler istihdam\u0131 koruma y\u00f6n\u00fcnde taahh\u00fct verdi. H\u00fck\u00fcmet de vergi ve sosyal harcamalar taraf\u0131nda kendi pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015feni \u00fcstlendi. Bu d\u00fczenlemenin i\u015flemesini sa\u011flayan \u015fey, fedak\u00e2rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ve g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr olmas\u0131yd\u0131. Ben fedak\u00e2rl\u0131k yap\u0131yorsam, senin de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum duygusu vard\u0131 ve taraflar olu\u015fan s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye uydular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6yle bir uyum i\u00e7in kurumsal g\u00fcven gerekir. Taraflar\u0131n birbirini sevmesi gerekmez ama anla\u015fmay\u0131 denetleyecek mekanizmaya g\u00fcvenmeleri gerekir. \u0130hlal oldu\u011funda yapt\u0131r\u0131m uygulayacak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z kurumlar yoksa, kimse masaya ciddi bi\u00e7imde oturmaz. Kore\u2019de kriz sonras\u0131 kurulan finansal denetim yap\u0131lar\u0131, \u0130rlanda\u2019da ekonomik ve sosyal konsey bu i\u015flevi g\u00f6rd\u00fc. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de BDDK, SPK ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Merkez Bankas\u0131 bir s\u00fcre bu y\u00f6nde i\u015flev g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ama daha sonra bu kurumlar sistemli bi\u00e7imde siyasetin emrine verildi. Hakem temelde siyasi olunca m\u00fczakere de salt siyaset \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fcmeye geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burada \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fck meselesi de belirleyici. \u0130rlanda\u2019da farkl\u0131 kesimlerin \u00e7at\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctleri vard\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i taraf\u0131nda sendikalar, i\u015fveren taraf\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc temsil yap\u0131lar\u0131, \u00e7ift\u00e7i taraf\u0131nda da m\u00fczakere g\u00fcc\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00f6rg\u00fctler bulunuyordu. Bu yap\u0131lar \u00fcyeleri ad\u0131na konu\u015fabiliyor ve \u00fcyelerini belli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ba\u011flayabiliyordu. Bahsetti\u011fim ulusal toparlanma pakt\u0131’nda yap\u0131lan mutabakatlar tam anlam\u0131yla hukuki s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler de\u011fildi. Ama tekrar eden ili\u015fkiler, kamuoyu bask\u0131s\u0131 ve vergi ile te\u015fvik politikalar\u0131n\u0131n bu anla\u015fmalara ba\u011flanmas\u0131 sayesinde i\u015flediler. Yani uzla\u015fma demek herkesin ayn\u0131 \u015feyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesi veya taraflar\u0131n uyuma yasayla zorlanmas\u0131 demek de\u011fil. Farkl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n, ortak kurallar i\u00e7inde pazarl\u0131k y\u00fcr\u00fctmesi demek. Sokakta da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k bir kavga yerine masada pazarl\u0131k etmek ve herkesin en az\u0131ndan m\u00fczakere masas\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00fcvenmesi demek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bizde sadece m\u00fczakere k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc de\u011fil b\u00f6yle bir \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fck de mevcut de\u011fil. Toplum kesimleri ad\u0131na pazarl\u0131k masas\u0131na kimin oturaca\u011f\u0131 net de\u011fil. Sendikala\u015fma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck. \u0130\u015fveren taraf\u0131nda T\u00dcS\u0130AD b\u00fcy\u00fck sermayeyi, TOBB ise esnaf\u0131 ve KOB\u0130\u2019leri temsil ediyor, ama her iki yap\u0131n\u0131n da \u00fcyelerini ba\u011flama kapasitesi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131. \u00c7ift\u00e7i \u00f6rg\u00fctleri par\u00e7al\u0131. Meslek odalar\u0131 kutupla\u015fman\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalabilmi\u015f de\u011fil. Masaya oturup ben \u015fu kesimi temsil ediyorum ve verdi\u011fim s\u00f6z\u00fcn arkas\u0131nda \u00fcyelerim durur diyebilecek akt\u00f6rler zay\u0131f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcven A\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Gayr\u0131resmi D\u00fczen<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Sosyal normlar da ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde sorunlu. \u0130rlanda daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, daha homojen ve sosyal itibar maliyetinin daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu bir \u00fclke. T\u00fcrkiye ise \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck, \u00e7ok daha katmanl\u0131 ve anonimli\u011fi daha y\u00fcksek bir \u00fclke. Toplumu birbirine ba\u011flayan ortak normlar ba\u015ftan zay\u0131f olman\u0131n da \u00f6tesinde siyasi kutupla\u015fmayla a\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f durumda. Ayn\u0131 sokakta oturan insanlar bile farkl\u0131 medya evrenlerinde ya\u015f\u0131yor. Toplumu saran normlar\u0131m\u0131z zay\u0131fken ortak bir ger\u00e7eklik duygusu zay\u0131flay\u0131nca ortak norm \u00fcretmek daha da g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015fiyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Masaya oturup m\u00fczakere etme prati\u011fi de g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc de\u011fil. \u0130rlanda\u2019da bu gelenek bir g\u00fcnde olu\u015fmad\u0131. Onlarca y\u0131ll\u0131k sendika ve i\u015fveren m\u00fczakere prati\u011fi vard\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise bu pratik k\u00f6kle\u015fmedi. 12 Eyl\u00fcl sendika hareketini ezdi. Neoliberal d\u00f6nemde sendikalar daha da zay\u0131flad\u0131. \u0130\u015fveren ve sendika ili\u015fkisi \u00e7o\u011fu zaman kurumsal m\u00fczakere bi\u00e7iminde de\u011fil, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ya da d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya belli etmeden i\u015fbirli\u011fi bi\u00e7iminde ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bir de b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fcven sorunu var. Sadece kurumsal g\u00fcven de\u011fil, ki\u015filer aras\u0131 g\u00fcven ve genelle\u015fmi\u015f toplumsal g\u00fcven de T\u00fcrkiye’de zay\u0131f. Kurumlar adil i\u015flemedi\u011finde insanlar birbirine de g\u00fcvenmiyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc herkesin sistemi kendi lehine kullanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 varsay\u0131yoruz. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kurumlar\u0131 da bu y\u00fczden istemiyor ve sahiplenmiyoruz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kurumu ele ge\u00e7irenin onu kendi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131 i\u00e7in ve di\u011ferlerinin aleyhine kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz. Pew Research Center’\u0131n 2025 k\u00fcresel ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na g\u00f6re \u0130sve\u00e7’te yeti\u015fkinlerin %83’\u00fc “\u00e7o\u011fu insana g\u00fcvenilebilir” derken, T\u00fcrkiye’de bu oran yaln\u0131zca %14. G\u00fcven ile ekonomik kalk\u0131nma aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi uluslararas\u0131 veriler de do\u011fruluyor. G\u00fcvenin y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu \u00fclkelerde hem verimlilik hem ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131 gelir sistematik olarak daha y\u00fcksek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Elbette, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de g\u00fcven t\u00fcm\u00fcyle yok de\u011fil. Ama daha \u00e7ok aileye, hem\u015fehriye, ait olunan gruba ve yak\u0131n \u00e7evreye duyulan dar bir g\u00fcven bi\u00e7imi halinde var. Gayr\u0131resmi a\u011flar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, resmi kurumlar zay\u0131f. \u0130nsanlar sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 kurallar \u00fczerinden de\u011fil, ba\u011flant\u0131lar \u00fczerinden \u00e7\u00f6zmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Torpil, tan\u0131d\u0131k ve kay\u0131rma burada devreye giriyor. Bu g\u00fcven a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok \u015feyi birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131yor. Rant ekonomisi bu y\u00fczden g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck g\u00fcven ortam\u0131nda dar a\u011flar \u00fczerinden da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan somut fayda, genel refah vaadinden daha inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve ula\u015f\u0131labilir geliyor. KOB\u0130\u2019ler bu y\u00fczden birlikte i\u015f yapm\u0131yor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bilgi payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 g\u00fcven gerektiriyor. Uzla\u015fma bu y\u00fczden kurulam\u0131yor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131 taraf s\u00f6z\u00fcnde durur duygusu zay\u0131f. Bu g\u00fcveni sa\u011flayacak hukuk gibi resm\u00ee ve sosyal bask\u0131 gibi gayriresm\u00ee mekanizmalar ise ya zay\u0131f ya da yok. Bu arka plan\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde taraflar i\u00e7in masaya oturmak rasyonel g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc masan\u0131n hakemi yok. Varsa da hakemin tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131lm\u0131yor. Bu nedenlerle, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de hemen her zaman ne yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, kimin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tutaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z tarafta daha belirleyici hale geliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nereden Ba\u015flamak Gerekir?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Buraya kadar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan tablo \u00e7ok katmanl\u0131 bir sorun yap\u0131s\u0131na i\u015faret ediyor. Ama bunlar\u0131n hi\u00e7biri do\u011fa kanunu de\u011fil. Hepsi sosyal olarak kurulmu\u015f d\u00fczenler. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yeniden kurulabilirler tabi bunu nas\u0131l yapaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 bulabilirsek. Burada kritik mesele nereden ba\u015flanaca\u011f\u0131. Her \u015feyi ayn\u0131 anda de\u011fi\u015ftirmek elbette m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. G\u00fcven olmadan \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fck i\u015flemiyor. \u00d6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fck olmadan uzla\u015fma kurulam\u0131yor. Uzla\u015fma olmadan da reform ilerlemiyor. Ama g\u00fcvenin kendili\u011finden olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 bekleyip her \u015feyi ertelemek de ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i de\u011fil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu \u00e7\u0131kmaz\u0131 a\u015fman\u0131n bir yolu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekten\/mikro ili\u015fkilerden ba\u015flamak olabilir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekte ba\u015far\u0131yla i\u015fleyen i\u015fbirli\u011fi deneyimleri zaman i\u00e7inde g\u00fcven \u00fcretebilir. O g\u00fcven de zamanla daha b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7eklere ta\u015f\u0131nabilir. Baz\u0131 m\u00fcdahaleler birden fazla katmana ayn\u0131 anda dokunabilir. Seksen be\u015f milyonluk bir \u00fclkede ulusal d\u00fczeyde g\u00fcveni bir \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131da \u00fcretmek zor. Ama mahalle, il\u00e7e, OSB ya da sekt\u00f6r d\u00fczeyinde bunu denemek daha m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Bir ilin, bir OSB\u2019nin ya da bir sekt\u00f6rel k\u00fcmelenmenin i\u00e7inde i\u015fbirli\u011fi kurmak, ulusal d\u00fczeyde uzla\u015fma kurmaktan \u00e7ok daha ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin yurtta\u015flar\u0131n belediye b\u00fct\u00e7esinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na karar verilen s\u00fcre\u00e7lere yerel d\u00fczeyde do\u011frudan kat\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131m olabilir. Bu, hem karar alma prati\u011fi yarat\u0131r hem de kamusal kayna\u011f\u0131n daha g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ve denetlenebilir kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. \u0130\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 OSB\u2019deki firmalar\u0131n ortak sorunlar\u0131 birlikte \u00e7\u00f6zmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Birlikte enerji sat\u0131n alma kooperatifleri kurmak, ortak test laboratuvarlar\u0131 olu\u015fturmak, ihracat bilgisi payla\u015fmak gibi ad\u0131mlar at\u0131labilir. Bu \u00f6nerme \u00f6nce g\u00fcven kural\u0131m, sonra reform yapal\u0131m diye i\u015fleyen s\u0131ral\u0131 bir model de\u011fil. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli i\u015fbirlikleri umal\u0131m ki zamanla g\u00fcven \u00fcretir, \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yarat\u0131r ve somut ekonomik fayda sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devlet Ne Yapmal\u0131?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Devlet taraf\u0131nda ertelenmeden al\u0131nabilecek baz\u0131 kararlar var. Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken ilk i\u015f bu b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi \u00f6d\u00fcllendiren, yerinde saymay\u0131 maliyetli hale getiren bir yap\u0131ya ge\u00e7mek. Bu olmadan verimlilik art\u0131\u015f\u0131 beklenemez. Y\u00fcksek rant\u0131n vergilendirilmesi gerek. \u0130mar de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle olu\u015fan de\u011fer art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 kamuya d\u00f6nmeli. Aksi halde arsa al, imar ge\u00e7ir, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede y\u00fcksek kazan\u00e7 elde et mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretim yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131ndan daha cazip kal\u0131r. Aflar\u0131n sona erdirilmesi yine \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131m olurdu.  T\u00fcrkiye’nin af ge\u00e7mi\u015fi bu konudaki kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ne kadar zor oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Cumhuriyet’in kurulu\u015fundan bu yana 99 y\u0131lda tam 52 vergi aff\u0131 yasas\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, yani ortalama 33 ayda bir vergi aff\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergi aff\u0131, SGK aff\u0131 ve imar aff\u0131 ayn\u0131 mesaj\u0131 veriyor: “Kurallara uymasak da olur”. Bu durum kurallara uyan\u0131 cezaland\u0131r\u0131yor ve kurumsal g\u00fcveni zedeliyor. Bu nedenle aflar\u0131n kesilmesi bile tek ba\u015f\u0131na bile g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir kurumsal sinyal \u00fcretecektir. Devlet koydu\u011fu kural\u0131 mutlaka uyguluyor alg\u0131s\u0131 g\u00fcvenin temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biridir. Ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde alt altya yazmas\u0131 benim i\u00e7in kolay olsa da siyasi al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00fclkede uygulamas\u0131 en zor kararlar bu sayd\u0131klar\u0131m olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yine bu kapsamda \u00fcretim yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k ve se\u00e7ici destek sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekli. Te\u015fviklerin herkese biraz da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 yerine \u00f6l\u00e7ek b\u00fcy\u00fctmeye, Ar-Ge\u2019ye, ihracata ve teknoloji yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na odaklanmas\u0131 gerekir. Devletin g\u00f6revi do\u011frudan firma b\u00fcy\u00fctmek de\u011fil, altyap\u0131 kurmak olmal\u0131. Teknoloji transfer ofisleri, ortak test laboratuvarlar\u0131 ve ihracat istihbarat birimleri bu y\u00fczden \u00f6nemli. Mesleki e\u011fitim reformu da bunun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmal\u0131. Ama yaln\u0131zca teknik beceri \u00fcretmek yetmez. Ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fcretim k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc de in\u015fa edilmeli. Yapay zek\u00e2 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok beyaz yakal\u0131 i\u015fin cazibesi ve g\u00fcvencesi a\u015f\u0131n\u0131rken ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131n yeniden toplumsal sayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ahilik gelene\u011finin modern bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kuracak bir anlay\u0131\u015fa ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var. \u0130yi bir CNC operat\u00f6r\u00fc, kal\u0131p ustas\u0131 ya da mekatronik teknisyeni gelir ve stat\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir meslek hatt\u0131 haline gelebildi\u011finde \u00fcretim ekonomisinin toplumsal zemini de de\u011fi\u015fmeye ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elbette bu m\u00fcdahalelerin hi\u00e7biri tek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterli de\u011fil. Ama birbirini besleyen bir dizi olu\u015fturabilirler. Yerel i\u015fbirli\u011fi deneyimleri g\u00fcven \u00fcretir. Aflar\u0131n sona ermesi kurumsal g\u00fcveni g\u00fc\u00e7lendirir. D\u00fczenleyici kurumlar\u0131n yeniden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zla\u015fmas\u0131 ve hukukun daha \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir hale gelmesi, her d\u00fczeyde m\u00fczakereyi daha m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lar. Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7ok tarafl\u0131 pazarl\u0131klar \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme kapasitesini art\u0131r\u0131r. \u00d6rg\u00fctl\u00fc akt\u00f6rler daha b\u00fcy\u00fck reformlar\u0131n toplumsal taban\u0131n\u0131 kurar. E\u011fitim reformu ise daha uzun vadede bu yap\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel zeminini de\u011fi\u015ftirir. Bunlar\u0131n hepsinin ayn\u0131 anda olmas\u0131 gerekmez. Ama baz\u0131lar\u0131 hemen ba\u015flayabilir. Di\u011ferleri ise ancak bu y\u00f6nde olu\u015facak siyasal iradeyle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biz Ne Yapmal\u0131y\u0131z?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bu tabloyu yaln\u0131zca devletin yanl\u0131\u015f politikalar\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131p kenara \u00e7ekilemeyiz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sorun sadece yukar\u0131da kurulan te\u015fvik d\u00fczeni de\u011fil, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da neyi normal sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zla da ilgili. Vergi aff\u0131n\u0131 ola\u011fan, torpili ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz, rant\u0131 ak\u0131ll\u0131l\u0131k, kurals\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da hayat\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 gibi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz s\u00fcrece \u00fcretim, teknik bilgi, ustal\u0131k ve uzun vadeli yat\u0131r\u0131m g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir toplumsal destek bulamaz. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ihtiyac\u0131 sadece yeni bir ekonomi program\u0131 de\u011fil, k\u0131sa yoldan kazanc\u0131 \u00f6d\u00fcllendiren bu g\u00fcndelik zihniyetten \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dcretmeden zenginle\u015fme fikri cazip kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece \u00fcretim ekonomisi lafta kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu y\u00fczden yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken \u015fey yaln\u0131zca iktidarlardan do\u011fru kararlar beklemek de\u011fil. Ayn\u0131 zamanda birebir ili\u015fkilerde daha ciddi, daha kurall\u0131 ve daha \u00fcretken ili\u015fkiler kurmal\u0131y\u0131z. Ayn\u0131 OSB\u2019de yan yana duran firmalar birbirini yaln\u0131zca rakip olarak g\u00f6rmemeli, ortak test, ortak e\u011fitim, ortak ihracat bilgisi ve ortak teknoloji kullan\u0131m\u0131 gibi alanlarda i\u015fbirli\u011fi kurabilmelidir. Belediyeler yaln\u0131zca asfalt ve imar i\u015fi yapan yap\u0131lar olmaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p yerel ekonomik kapasiteyi g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren kurumlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmeli. Mesleki e\u011fitim ailelerin g\u00f6z\u00fcnde mecbur kal\u0131nan bir yol de\u011fil, sayg\u0131n ve ger\u00e7ek bir gelecek hatt\u0131 haline gelmeli Gen\u00e7lere s\u00fcrekli masa ba\u015f\u0131 beyaz yakal\u0131 hayat\u0131n tek ba\u015far\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc oldu\u011fu anlat\u0131l\u0131rsa, \u00fcretim k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc toplumsal zemin kazanamaz. Yapay zeka beyaz yakal\u0131 i\u015fi tehdit ederken, \u00fcretimi, ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131, zanaatin \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yeniden ke\u015ffetmeliyiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha a\u00e7\u0131k s\u00f6ylersem, \u00fclkenin \u00fcretimi ve katma de\u011feri yeniden ciddiye almas\u0131 gerekiyor. Kurala uyan\u0131n enayi, i\u015fini d\u00fczg\u00fcn yapan\u0131n saf, k\u0131sa yoldan kazanan\u0131n ak\u0131ll\u0131 say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00fczende ne sanayi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr ne verimlilik artar ne de kal\u0131c\u0131 refah olu\u015fur. Bizim yapmam\u0131z gereken, hem siyasetten af ve rant d\u00fczeninin sonunu istemek hem de kendi hayat\u0131m\u0131zda ba\u015fka bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc kurmakt\u0131r. Ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsemeyen, m\u00fchendisli\u011fi g\u00f6steri\u015fe feda etmeyen, tasar\u0131m\u0131 l\u00fcks de\u011fil \u00fcretimin par\u00e7as\u0131 sayan, ortak i\u015fi ki\u015fisel \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n gerisine atmayan bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc. B\u00f6yle bir de\u011fi\u015fim ihtimali ancak devlet politikas\u0131yla bireylerin kollektif davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde hareket etti\u011finde do\u011fabilir. Aksi halde her kriz gelir ge\u00e7er, ama fasoncu yine fasoncu, ta\u015feron yine ta\u015feron kalarak gitti\u011fi yere kadar gider. D\u00fcnya teknolojik devrim \u00fcst\u00fcne devrim ya\u015farken, T\u00fcrkiye de a\u015f\u0131n\u0131r gider.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bir \u00f6nceki yaz\u0131da buraya kadarki analiz ile makro d\u00fczeyde verimlilik odakl\u0131 bir modele ge\u00e7ilmesi gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledim. Ama mikro d\u00fczeyde, yani firmalar\u0131n, esnaf\u0131n ve KOB\u0130\u2019lerin g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131nda bunun tersine i\u015fleyen bir d\u00fczen var. Devlet k\u0131sa vadeli te\u015fvikler, vergi ve SGK aflar\u0131, kredi destekleri ve hibelerle mevcut yap\u0131y\u0131 ayakta tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Kriz ortam\u0131nda ise zaten yerinde kalan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4669,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[41,45],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pol-tr","category-tekno"],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye Yeni Bir Form\u00fcl Gerek - 2 - DenizTuncalp.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/deniztuncalp.com\/?p=4637&lang=tr\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye Yeni Bir Form\u00fcl Gerek - 2 - DenizTuncalp.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bir \u00f6nceki yaz\u0131da buraya kadarki analiz ile makro d\u00fczeyde verimlilik odakl\u0131 bir modele ge\u00e7ilmesi gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledim. Ama mikro d\u00fczeyde, yani firmalar\u0131n, esnaf\u0131n ve KOB\u0130\u2019lerin g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131nda bunun tersine i\u015fleyen bir d\u00fczen var. Devlet k\u0131sa vadeli te\u015fvikler, vergi ve SGK aflar\u0131, kredi destekleri ve hibelerle mevcut yap\u0131y\u0131 ayakta tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. 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Ama mikro d\u00fczeyde, yani firmalar\u0131n, esnaf\u0131n ve KOB\u0130\u2019lerin g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131nda bunun tersine i\u015fleyen bir d\u00fczen var. Devlet k\u0131sa vadeli te\u015fvikler, vergi ve SGK aflar\u0131, kredi destekleri ve hibelerle mevcut yap\u0131y\u0131 ayakta tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. 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